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 Samarqand
This is one of the ancient cities of the world, created about 2750 years ago. According to the archaeological explorations, the city was mentioned in the ancient sources as Marokand. The hills of the site of the ancient town of Afrosiyob preserve the ruins of its constructions.
Samarkand was not only the capital of a formerly powerful kingdom Soghdiana, but also the main city of the vast empire of Amir Temur, who took care of its fortification and decoration. During the Temurids’ rule (the end of XIV and the beginning of XVI centuries) Samarqand reached the apogee of its development.
The Registon Square consisting of three madrassahs: Ulughbek, Sherdor and Tillya Kori, the Shakhi Zinda necropolis consisting of 11 mausoleums decorated with a unique glaze, and the Bibi-Khanurn Mosque are the world-wide architectural monuments of the city.
One of the best examples of architectural monuments of the Medieval East is the Gur Emir mausoleum - where Temur, his Sons and grandsons were buried.
In the north-east of the city there are the ruins of the famous observatory, created by Ulughbek, the ruler of Samarqand, the greatest scientist, scholar and Statesman, 1428-29.
Bukhara
Every inch of the soil of Bukhara, every one of its historical and cultural monuments bear witness to the great talent of the Uzbek people and their creative power, their achievements in the sphere of science, education, spirituality, culture, philosophy and religion.
For thousands of years, Bukhara has been gaining international fame for its great contribution to world civilisation, to the development of spiritual, cultural and religious values, and became one of the holy places in our region.
Such big architectural monuments preserved until today as, minarets, mosques, madrassahs, rows of stalls, hospitals, ‘khavoozes’ (water reservoirs) and squares show the great history of Bukhara which was created 25 centuries ago.
Every tourist visiting the city admires architectural masterpieces such as the Ark (the citadel with khan’s palace and administrative buildings), the Samanids’ mausoleum (X), the minaret (XII), the Poi Kalon mosque, various madrassahs and mosques and rows of stalls created in XV and XVI centuries.
During the years of independence all ancient monuments, the rare examples of architectural art of the East have been restored and assumed their original appearance.
Khiva
Khiva is the pearl of Uzbekistan, the living art of the creative activity of the Uzbek people. It is a miracle, that pictures our cultural and spiritual traditions.
Khiva, founded 2500 years ago, is the property of not only our country, but also it was and will remain the pearl of universal civilisation. The architectural complexes, such as, Ichan Qala and Dishan Qala, particularly the madrassahs, Sherghazikhan, Mukhammad Rakhimkhan and Isfandiyarkhan are a priceless monument to the intellect, talent and great skills of our ancestors.
The foundation for the Uzbek state system was laid in the Khorezm oasis 2.700 years ago. In this respect the history of our national state system stands in one line with the history of such ancient countries as Egypt, China, India, Greece and Iran. The history of Khorezm personifies the Uzbek state system, its power and antiquity.
The fact of the creation of a holy ‘Avesto’, the Zoroastrian book bears witness to it, and the 2700th anniversary of the book will be celebrated this year.
All stages of development of the Uzbek people in the sphere of written language, science, education, art, culture and spiritual life were reflected through the history of Khorezm and Khiva. One thousand years ago the Academy of Ma’moon was created, the first Academy in Central Asia. After Uzbekistan gained its independence, the Academy was revived.
Termez
Termez is one of the ancient cities of Uzbekistan, and the whole Central Asian region as well. In autumn 2001, the world community will celebrate the 2500th anniversary of this centre of ancient urban civilisation.
The explorations of Uzbek scientists showed that exactly in its western area in the 4” century BC, the troops of Alexander of Macedonia crossed the river Oks (the Amudarya river). There was also constructed the famous fortress - Pandaheon (the site of the ancient town Kampirtepa) - Alexandria Oksian.
Now it abounds in beautiful medieval overland ancient archaeological (in the old part of Termez) and architectural monuments, the richest museum expositions, where the unique masterpieces of the cultural treasure of world (Buddhist, Christian and Muslim) civilisation which attract a lot of foreign tourists. One can observe in detail the ruins of old walls of city blocks and fortifications made of clay, the silhouettes of the ancient city citadels where the palace of a ruler, the administrative and cultural buildings, the city palace of the Termezi rulers (X-XI c.), the mosques, as well as the domes of the mausoleum to Hakim at-Termezi (X-XV c.). In the foothills of the citadel the remains of the landing-stages for ships were found.
In the suburbs of Termez there are world-wide Buddhist monuments (I-IV c.) as, the tower - the mortar Zurmala, the cloisters Fayaztepa and Qoratepa; the castle Qirq Qiz (IX-X c.) and the museum complex Sultan Saodat (X-XVIIc.).
Shakhrisabz
This is the ancient city that greatly prospered at the end of XIV-XV centuries thanks to the patronage of the great Amir Temur, who was born in the environs of Shakhrisabz and began his ascent of the historical arena and his political career. the city was under the patronage of his grandson Ulughbek.
During that time many great constructions were undertaken such as, the Oq Saroy Palace, the Dor ut-Tilovat and Dor us-Siadat ensembles, the Khazrat Imom, Ulughbek, Kok Gumbaz mosques, madrassahs, caravanserais and the mausoleums to Toraghay, Jahonghir, Omar Sheikh and Shamsiddin Kulol.
INDUSTRY
Leading branches of economy: cotton-cleaning, machine-building, textile, gas, non-ferrous metallurgy, electrotechnical, instrument-making, aviation, oil-processing, automobile-building and food processing industries.
Chemical, oil and chemical, power industries, as well as metallurgy, light and food industries are rapidly developing.
After UzDAEWOO, the Uzbek-South Korean joint venture, was put into operation in 1996, in the town of Asaka, the Ferghana valley, Uzbekistan was included into the automobile powers of the world.
Since June 1996, it has produced more than 250.000 cars worth US$2.5 billion, and it plans to increase its production 1.7 times, or to produce 51.400 cars of “Nexia”, “Tico” and “Damas” models, as well as 7.000 cars of “Matiz”, the new model.
The Uzbek-Turkish “SamKochauto” joint company established in Samarkand, produces comfortable and compact buses and lorries of different models.
One of the biggest aircraft building plants operates in Tashkent. It is the only plant in the CIS that produces military-transport planes, the 1L76. It also produces the planes 1L78, A50 AVAKS, IL114T, 1L114-100.
The fuel industry acquires great importance in the economy of the country.
From the total reserves of Central Asia, Uzbekistan’s share makes up: in gas condensate - 74%, in oi! - 51%, in natura! gas - 40% and in coal - 55%.
Uzbekistan is one of the biggest countries in Central Asia that produces ferrous metais, engines, tractors and trailers, as well as excavators, etc.
The volume of foreign money invested in basic sectors of the economy is increasing year by year.
AGRICULTURE
In the course of agricultural reforms, new economic structures have been formed in villages during the years of independence.
The share of the non-state sector of the economy was
increased. The volume of gross production of the
agricultural sector of the economy made up 98.7%.
‘Dekhkan’ economy is one of them. The share of ‘Dekhkan’ economy from the total volume of gross products makes up: potatoes - 81%, melons and water melons - 56%, vegetabies - 6f{%, grapes - 50%, meat -90.6%, milk - 92.6%, eggs - 57.9% and wool - 71.7%.
To develop farms is one of the priorities of reforms in agriculture. Now there are 31.100 farms registered in
the Republic. Among the states that produce cotton, Uzbekistan holds the fifth place, and it is the world’s second biggest state that exports cotton-fibre.
About 5 million tons of vegetabies have been produced annually in Uzbekistan.
Annually, the wine-makers of the Republic produce 16.5 million decalitres of wine, including 30 varieties of wine, various sorts of champagne wines and cognacs. In the international markets, wine-tasting, competitions and exhibitions, the wines of Uzbekistan received 92 medais.
The fertile soil of Uzbekistan produces dozens of fruits and vegetables, including many unique sorts of tasty melons and water-melons.
THE MAIN EXHIBITION
CENTRE OF THE COUNTRY
“Uzexpocentre” is known in many countries of the world. It is situated on the picturesque bank of Bozsu-river. Different international exhibitions and fairs in its pavilions have been conducted.
“Uzexpocentre” specialists can present the fuil range of services concerning the preparing and conducting international exhibitions and fairs. Thus, based on the preliminary applications of the foreign participants they can propose exhibit conceptions, marketing services, special projects, build, equip and design the exhibits, provide technical services and contacts with the mass-media.
There are storehouses, cafes and restaurants at the centre. A cinema-hall exists for 500 places with appropriate conditions for conducting congresses, symposiums, and press conferences.
“Uzexpocentre” includes the “Aqua-park”, or “Tashkent-land”, the park of amusements.
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